Calcaneus Radiograph Analysis System: Calcaneal Angles Measurement and Fracture Identification
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Calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone designed to withstand the daily stresses of weight bearing. The calcaneal fracture is the most common type in the tarsal bone fractures. After a fracture is suspected, plain radiographs should be first requested. Bohler's Angle (BA) and Critical Angle of Gissane (CAG), measured by four anatomic landmarks in lateral foot radiograph, can aid operative restoration of the fractured calcaneus and fracture diagnosis and assessment. Due to the different postures of patient and operating conditions of X-ray machine, the calcaneus in lateral foot radiograph may be subjected to great variance of rotation and scale. The views of the radiographs also vary from partial ankle to whole leg. The aim of this study is to develop a system to automatically locate four anatomic landmarks and calculate the BA and CAG for fracture assessment. We proposed a coarse-to-fine Rotation-Invariant Regression-Voting (RIRV) landmarks detection approach based on Supported Vector Regression (SVR) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) patch descriptor. The study also designed a multi-stream CNN structure with multi-region input which can accurately identify the fractures with sensitivity of 96.81 specificity of 90
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