A Survey on Context-based Co-presence Detection Techniques
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In this paper, we present a systematic survey on the proximity verification techniques that are being used in Zero-Interaction based Co-presence Detection and Authentication (ZICDA) systems. First, we discuss the possible adversary and communication models, and the existing security attacks on ZICDA systems. Then, we review the state-of-the-art proximity verification techniques that make use of contextual information. Such techniques are commonly referred as Contextual Co-presence (COCO) protocols, which dynamically collect and use the specific contextual information to improve the security of such systems. Finally, we summarize the major challenges and suggest the possible innovation and efficient future solutions for securely detecting co-presence between devices. Based on our review, we observe that detecting co-presence between devices is not only challenging but also a significant contemporary research problem. The proximity verification techniques presented in the literature usually involve trade-offs between metrics such as efficiency, security, and usability. However, currently, there is no ideal solution which adequately addresses the trade-off between these metrics. Therefore, we trust that this review gives an insight into the strengths and shortcomings of the known research methodologies.
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