On density of subgraphs of Cartesian products
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In this paper, we extend two classical results about the density of subgraphs of hypercubes to subgraphs G of Cartesian products G_1×...× G_m of arbitrary connected graphs. Namely, we show that |E(G)|/|V(G)|< 2{dens(G_1),...,dens(G_m)}|V(G)|, where dens(H) is the maximum ratio |E(H')|/|V(H')| over all subgraphs H' of H. We introduce the notions of VC-dimension VC-dim(G) and VC-density VC-dens(G) of a subgraph G of a Cartesian product G_1×...× G_m, generalizing the classical Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension of set-families (viewed as subgraphs of hypercubes). We prove that if G_1,...,G_m belong to the class G(H) of all finite connected graphs not containing a given graph H as a minor, then for any subgraph G of G_1×...× G_m a sharper inequality |E(G)|/|V(G)|<VC-dim(G)α(H) holds, where α(H) is the density of the graphs from G(H). We refine and sharpen those two results to several specific graph classes. We also derive upper bounds (some of them polylogarithmic) for the size of adjacency labeling schemes of subgraphs of Cartesian products.
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