Utilizing Semantic Visual Landmarks for Precise Vehicle Navigation
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This paper presents a new approach for integrating semantic information for vision-based vehicle navigation. Although vision-based vehicle navigation systems using pre-mapped visual landmarks are capable of achieving submeter level accuracy in large-scale urban environment, a typical error source in this type of systems comes from the presence of visual landmarks or features from temporal objects in the environment, such as cars and pedestrians. We propose a gated factor graph framework to use semantic information associated with visual features to make decisions on outlier/ inlier computation from three perspectives: the feature tracking process, the geo-referenced map building process, and the navigation system using pre-mapped landmarks. The class category that the visual feature belongs to is extracted from a pre-trained deep learning network trained for semantic segmentation. The feasibility and generality of our approach is demonstrated by our implementations on top of two vision-based navigation systems. Experimental evaluations validate that the injection of semantic information associated with visual landmarks using our approach achieves substantial improvements in accuracy on GPS-denied navigation solutions for large-scale urban scenarios
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